ARTES

Hilma af Klint painted as though she was channeling the universe. Fascinated from childhood by botany and mathematics, she began her career painting landscapes and portraits, but other preoccupations stirred within her: questions of spirit, unseen energies, patterns too vast for the eye alone. Her art was inseparable from her spiritual practice. With a circle of female artists called The Five, she held séances, heard voices from "High Masters," and was inspired by the Theosophical Society and Rudolf Steiner’s theories. Working tirelessly to map life’s hidden dimensions, she would paint to the point of physical collapse. By 1906, her canvases featured radiant geometries of spirals and orbs, impregnated with symbols, letters, and words, anticipating the later embrace of abstraction by Kandinsky, Malevich, Mondrian, and others. Her vast painted cycles―like her works for the Temple and The Ten Largest―often depicted dualities: inside and out, the earthly and the esoteric, man and woman, good and evil. Living as a vegetarian, questioning the fixity of gender, af Klint was clearly before her time, yet very much of it too, and pretty much uncelebrated in her day. Her prodigious output lay unseen for decades, locked away by her own instruction. Only in the 1980s did the world begin to recognize her as a true pioneer of abstract art.

Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858) was one of the last great artists in the ukiyo-e tradition. Literally meaning “pictures of the floating world,” ukiyo-e was a particular genre of art that flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries and came to characterize the Western world’s visual idea of Japan. In many ways images of hedonism, ukiyo-e scenes often represented the bright lights and attractions of Edo (modern-day Tokyo): beautiful women, actors and wrestlers, city life, and spectacular landscapes. Though he captured a variety of subjects, Hiroshige was most famous for landscapes, with a final masterpiece series known as “One Hundred Famous Views of Edo” (1856–1858), which depicted various scenes of the city through the seasons, from bustling shopping streets to splendid cherry orchards. This reprint is made from one of the finest complete original sets of woodblock prints belonging to the Ota Memorial Museum of Art in Tokyo. It pairs each of the 120 illustrations with a description, allowing readers to immerse themselves in these beautiful, vibrant vistas that became paradigms of Japonisme and inspired Impressionist, Post-Impressionist and Art Nouveau artists alike, from Vincent van Gogh to James McNeill Whistler.

Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858) was one of the last great artists in the ukiyo-e tradition. Literally meaning “pictures of the floating world,” ukiyo-e was a particular woodblock print genre of art that flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries. Subjects ranged from the bright lights and attractions of Edo (modern-day Tokyo), to spectacular natural landscapes. In the West, Hiroshige’s prints became exemplary of the Japonisme that swept through Europe and defined the Western world’s visual idea of Japan. Because they could be mass produced, ukiyo-e works were often used as designs for fans, greeting cards, and book illustrations. The style influenced Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Art Nouveau artists alike, with Vincent van Gogh and James Abbott McNeill Whistler both particularly inspired by Hiroshige’s landscapes.

Luces urbanas y cerezos Los grabados en madera de Tokio que cautivaron la imaginación de Europa Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858) fue uno de los últimos grandes artistas de la tradición japonesa del ukiyo-e. La palabra significa literalmente «pinturas del mundo flotante» y designa un género artístico que floreció entre los siglos xvii y xix y simbolizó la imagen de Japón en el mundo occidental. Las escenas del ukiyo-e, que en muchos aspectos eran de tipo hedonista, representaban a menudo la brillante luminosidad y las atracciones de Edo: mujeres hermosas, actores y luchadores de sumo, la vida urbana y panorámicas espectaculares.

Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858) fue uno de los últimos grandes artistas de la tradición japonesa del ukiyo-e. La palabra significa literalmente «pinturas del mundo flotante» y designa un género artístico que floreció entre los siglos xvii y xix y simbolizó la imagen de Japón en el mundo occidental. Las escenas del ukiyo-e, que en muchos aspectos eran de tipo hedonista, representaban a menudo la brillante luminosidad y las atracciones de Edo: mujeres hermosas, actores y luchadores de sumo, la vida urbana y panorámicas espectaculares. Pese a abarcar una gran variedad de temas, Hiroshige se hizo famoso sobre todo por sus paisajes. De hecho, su obra maestra fue una serie de grabados conocida como Cien famosas vistas de Edo (1856-1858), que reproduce varias escenas de la ciudad en el curso de las estaciones, desde las animadas calles comerciales hasta las espléndidas huertas de cerezos.

¿Es la obra de Lynch deudora directa de la de Alfred Hitchcock? ¿Por qué dos directores tan peculiares y, en apariencia, tan diferentes —aunque quizá en el fondo no tanto—, formados en contextos tan diversos, se interesan por los mismos temas? Son algunas de las cuestiones que pretende despejar este esclarecedor ensayo de Almudena López Molina, ahondando en las perspectivas que comparten "Vértigo" y "Mulholland Drive", dos títulos que definen de manera ejemplar el estilo y aliento artístico de sus creadores. Por otro lado, es interesante también examinar en profundidad la filmografía de Lynch —especialmente en obras como "Carretera perdida" ("Lost Highway") o "Twin Peaks"— para determinar cómo las referencias a los rasgos de Hitchcock son una constante en su trayectoria y, al mismo tiempo, cómo se distancia del icónico cineasta británico, forjando una propuesta personal indiscutible. Considerando ambas obras como paradigmáticas de su tiempo, esta reflexión sobre las diversas maneras de abordar temas similares permitirá señalar, en cada caso, los rasgos esenciales de dos películas fascinantes que marcaron un punto de inflexión en la historia del cine.