ARTES

The Golden Age of Travel neatly overlaps with the reign of the Emperor Meiji, which began in 1868 with the overthrow of a feudal order that had kept Japan secluded from the outside world for more than 200 years. In the ensuing four-and-a-half decades, Japan became a less remote and more attractive destination for the international traveler and a popular subject for photographers, both Japanese and foreign.

The American painter Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) sparked an artistic renewal in his country when he burst onto the scene dominated by Abstract Expressionism in New York in the late 1950s, defining a new creative language for a new era. With his innovative use of industrial production techniques and mundane, everyday imagery, such as cartoons, comic strips, and advertising, Lichtenstein joined contemporary artists such as Andy Warhol and James Rosenquist in portraying and satirizing American media and consumer culture.

Born Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, Le Corbusier (1887–1965) is widely acclaimed as the most influential architect of the 20th century. From private villas to mass social housing projects, his radical ideas, designs, and writings presented a whole-scale reinvention not only of individual structures, but of entire concepts of modern living.

In the mid-1950s, Yves Klein (1928–1962) declared that “a new world calls for a new man.” With his idiosyncratic style and huge charisma, this bold artist would go on to pursue a brief but bountiful career, producing more than 1,000 paintings over seven years in an oeuvre now considered a mainstay of postwar modernism.Klein made his name above all with his large monochrome canvases in his own patented hue of blue. International Klein Blue (IKB), composed of pure pigment and binding medium, is at once rich and luminous, evocative and decorative, and was conceived by Klein as a means of evoking the immateriality and infinitude of the world. The works of this “Blue Revolution” seem to draw us into another dimension, as if hypnotized by a perfect summer sky. Klein was also renowned for his deployment of “living brushes,” in which naked women, daubed in International Klein Blue, would make imprints of their bodies on large sheets of paper.

Paris is the City of Light in all its facets. In the 1920s La Ville des lumières gleams especially bright and becomes a magnet for creative people from around the world. This is the decade of Coco Chanel and Josephine Baker, Art Deco and Surrealism, café culture and cabaret. The most famous artists of the epoch, later called Classic Modernism, are in close contact and have lively exchanges with one another – including Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, Pablo Picasso, René Clair, Sonia Delaunay, André Breton, Paul Éluard, Max Ernst and Salvador Dalí. The creative life and all its excesses flourish bohème is the word for this way of living. Composers like Igor Stravinsky, writers like James Joyce or Ernest Hemingway and exiles from Eastern Europe like Constantin Brancusi or Marc Chagall enrich the illustrious scene on Montparnasse.

In Sri Lanka, Palinda Kannangara created the Frame Holiday Structure on a budget of $ 40,000. Built from steel scaffolding, exposed brick, and wood floors, the house can be easily disassembled and moved, adapting to the reality of the nearby floodplain. Luciano Lerner Basso’s Fortunata House in Brazil accommodates the surrounding nature: it was built around a tree of an endangered species and sits upon stilts so as not to disturb the forest floor. Miller Hull’s Loom House near Seattle has been called “the world’s most environmentally ambitious home renovation” because of its reliance on recycled materials and its efficient energy use.

Pocos compositores parecen tan esenciales en el repertorio operístico como Giacomo Puccini, favorito del público mundial, si bien su consideración entre críticos y académicos actuales es desigual, división de opiniones que ya sufrió en su tiempo el propio músico. Su obra se inscribió en el centro de la profunda crisis de identidad nacional que, tras la unificación, atenazó a Italia a principios del siglo xx, y convirtió a Puccini en un «problema»: mientras que para unos era el símbolo de la decadencia finisecular, para otros era el emblema de la nueva italianidad y el progreso. Este fascinante libro es el primer estudio en profundidad de las óperas de Puccini y el primer intento serio de contextualizar al compositor en su entorno político, estético e intelectual, identificando las ideologías que dieron forma a las diversas reacciones antagónicas en vida del compositor.

Los críticos musicales de la época describieron la voz de la soprano noruega Kirsten Flagstad como la luz del sol que incide sobre la cúspide de una montaña coronada por un glaciar. Jessye Norman la asemejó al oro líquido sobre terciopelo negro, mientras que Elisabeth Schwarzkopf percibió que tenía la dimensión de una madre cósmica que abraza el universo.