BELLAS ARTES

Andy Warhol (1928–1987) is hailed as the most important proponent of the Pop art movement. A critical and creative observer of American society, he explored key themes of consumerism, materialism, media, and celebrity. Drawing on contemporary advertisements, comic strips, consumer products, and Hollywood’s most famous faces, Warhol proposed a radical reevaluation of what constituted artistic subject matter. Through Warhol, a Campbell’s soup can and Coca Cola bottle became as worthy of artistic status as any traditional still life. At the same time, Warhol reconfigured the role of the artist. Famously stating “I want to be a machine,” he systematically reduced the presence of his own authorship, working with mass-production methods and images, as well as dozens of assistants in a studio he dubbed the Factory. This book introduces Warhol’s multifaceted, prolific oeuvre, which revolutionized distinctions between “high” and “low” art and integrated ideas of living, producing, and consuming that remain central questions of modern experience.

One of the key figures in the New York art world of the 1980s, Keith Haring (1958–1990) created a signature style that blended street art, graffiti, a Pop sensibility, and cartoon elements to unique, memorable effect. With thick black outlines, bright colors, and kinetic figures, his public (and occasionally illegal) interventions, sculptures, and works on canvas and paper have become instantly recognizable icons of 20th-century visual culture. From his first chalk drawings in the New York City subway stations, to his renowned “Radiant Baby” symbol, and his commissions for Swatch Watch and Absolut Vodka, Haring’s work was both emblematic of the manic work ethic of 1980s New York, yet distinctive for its social awareness. Belying their bright, playful aesthetics, his pieces often tackled intensely controversial socio-political issues, including racism, capitalism, religious fundamentalism, and the increasing impact of AIDS on New York’s gay community, the latter foreshadowing his own death from the disease in 1990.

Largely self-taught as an artist, Francis Bacon (1909–1992) developed a unique ability to transform interior and unconscious impulses into figurative forms and intensely claustrophobic compositions. Emerging into notoriety in the period following World War II, Bacon took the human body as his nominal subject, but a subject ravaged, distorted, and dismembered so as to writhe with intense emotional content. With flailing limbs, hollow voids, and tumurous growths, his gripping, often grotesque, portraits are as much reflections on the trials and the traumas of the human condition as they are character studies. These haunting forms were also among the first in art history to depict overtly homosexual themes.

Sharp angles, strange forms, lurid colors, and distorted perspectives are classic hallmarks of Expressionism, the twentieth century movement that prioritized emotion over objective reality. Though particularly present in Germany and Austria, the movement’s approach flourished internationally and is today hailed as one of the most influential shifts in art history. With leading groups Die Brücke (The Bridge) and Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), and key players such as Wassily Kandinsky, Egon Schiele, and Emil Nolde, the Expressionists disowned Impressionism, which they regarded as “man lowered to the position of a gramophone record of the outer world”, to depict instead a raw and visceral experience of life as it was felt, rather than seen on the surface. Their paintings brim with emotive force, conveyed in particular through intense and non-naturalistic color palettes, loose brushwork, and thick textures.

Con su zafarrancho de trenes, lunas tuertas y tartas voladoras, el cine llegó como principal testigo de un escandaloso, emocionante y terrible cambio de mundo: el paso del siglo XIX al XX, tiempo de juventud y hartazgo, de entusiasmo y profunda desesperanza. Entre esos telones, este nuevo invento terminaría por convertirse en el más compartido lenguaje de narración, embeleso y manipulación; una herramienta imprescindible con la que documentar y fabricar esa época distinta a todas las demás, en la que la historia empezó a avanzar cada vez más rápido, sin casi un minuto ya para pensar en sí misma ni recoger sus cosas. Por supuesto, nada de eso sucedió en silencio. Este libro recoge, desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días, la historia de la música del cine: una relación simbiótica y fascinante que transformó y enriqueció por igual a estas dos disciplinas artísticas en su camino compartido hacia la modernidad.

Todos actores y personajes así como las personas en general tenemos una persona pública con la que nos presentamos ante los demás, una necesidad insatisfecha encubierta bajo esa máscara y cometemos un error trágico cuando reaccionamos ante un choque entre lo queremos que se piense de nosotros y lo que realmente somos. Sobre estos tres elementos clave Susan Batson ha desarrollado un proceso de técnica actoral que han seguido estrellas de la talla de Nicole Kidman, Tom Cruise, Bradley Cooper o Juliette Binoche. En Verdad, un clásico desde su publicación en 2007, expone didácticamente ante un círculo de alumnos imaginarios (pero en los que no cuesta reconocer actitudes y personalidades frecuentes en el mundo de la interpretación), los múltiples recursos que un actor o actriz debe explorar y aprovechar «para que un personaje esté vivo».